An Insight into What Genome is
Proteins are responsible for forming body structures such as organs and tissue and the control of chemical reactions, and the transmission of signals between cells. When a cell’s DNA is mutated, an aberrant protein is created, disrupting the body’s regular activities and leading to diseases like cancer.
FREMONT, CA: The genome is an organism’s whole set of DNAs. The approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs or letters that contribute to the human genome are found in virtually every cell in the body. DNA is a four-letter language that includes all of the information needed to construct the human body. A gene is a piece of DNA that contains the instructions for producing a specific protein or group of proteins. Each of the 20,000 to 25,000 genes in the human genome codes for three proteins on average.
Genes, which are packed into the nucleus of a human cell on 23 pairs of chromosomes, direct the production of proteins with the help of enzymes and messenger molecules. An enzyme, in particular, copies information from a gene’s DNA into a molecule known as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). The mRNA goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where a ribosome reads it. This tiny molecular machine uses the information to link together small molecules called amino acids in the exact order to make a specific protein.
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Proteins are responsible for forming body structures such as organs and tissue and the control of chemical reactions, and the transmission of signals between cells. When a cell’s DNA is mutated, an aberrant protein is created, disrupting the body’s regular activities and leading to diseases like cancer.
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