Microbiology and Toxicology
Microbiology and Toxicology form an interdisciplinary scientific taxonomy exploring life at microscopic scale and its chemical hazards. Microbiology studies bacteria, viruses, fungi, and microbes influencing ecosystems and health. Toxicology evaluates adverse effects of substances on biological systems, guiding risk assessment, pharmaceutical safety, environmental regulation, and public health decision-making frameworks globally.


Until recently, reliable testing for an acute infection by molecular methods required the patient to be seen by a physician, sampled and the sample to be sent to a microbiology laboratory for testing with a typical total turn-around time to result of more than 24 hours. If a faster result was requested, immunology-based lateral flow near patient testing with results within minutes was an option for some infections, such as Influenza and RSV. However, this came at the cost of inferior sensitivity and specificity compared to molecular-based testing, as highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
